Fragile X Syndrome: Medical Considerations and Stomatological Aspects for Dental Treatment

Abstract

The objective of this study was to carry out a literature review  in order to  elucidate general and oral physical aspects, behavioral disorders, medical considerations  and discuss   considerations  about the dental approach in individuals with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) as well as to provide  surgeons dentists with   greater care clarification towards these patients. A literature review has been  carried out in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL) –MEDLINE– PubMed , SciELO and in the  Capes database  Journals. The descriptors used were: Fragile X Syndrome, Oral Health, Systemic Condition, Behavioral Disorders. The main phenotypic characteristics found in the literature were: prominent ears, elongated face, strabismus, hyperextensible joints , macrorchidism , mitral valve prolapse, seizures. Fragile X Syndrome  oral characteristics  are: mandibular prognathism, atresic and deep palate, enamel hypoplasia, malocclusion, presence of biofilm due to unestablished hygiene habits, caries, calculus and gingivitis. Cognitive deficit, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorder and hyperactivity are behaviors found in FXS  which bring   difficulties for these patients to undergo  a dental approach. The dental surgeon must be up-to-date and aware of the medical and behavioral conditions of FXS individuals and, thus, offer an adequate and safe dental approach. Systemic, behavioral and oral abnormalities require an initial  dental treatment planning.