Propuesta de Reforma Tributaria para Colombia (2021-2022) (Proposal of Tax-Reform for Colombia (2021-2022))

Sergio Clavijo
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Spanish Abstract: Este documento propone una reforma tributaria comprensiva tendiente a: i) asegurar la sostenibilidad de la relación Deuda Gobierno Central/PIB de tal manera que no se desborde el umbral del 70%, sabiéndose que esta ha subido del 35% al 52% en pre-pandemia;ii) mejorar la formalidad laboral de Colombia a través de desmontar cerca de 17 puntos de un total de 51 que hoy representan los sobre costos no-salariales que enfrentan las firmas operando desde Colombia;y iii) allegar recursos de solidaridad en pos-pandemia para los estratos bajos y ancianos indigentes.El esfuerzo tributario adicional requerido para alcanzar tales objetivos asciende a cerca de 5% del PIB, de los cuales se tienen fuentes relativamente bien identificadas por cerca de 3.7% del PIB hacia el mediano plazo. La profundización del IVA a la tasa del 19% aportaría cerca de 2% del PIB;tasas más progresivas en los ingresos de la clase media-alta (incluyendo ajustes al imporiqueza) aportarían 0.5% del PIB;y la reversión en algunos alivios dados a la firmas (bajo Ley 2010 del 2019) allegarían el restante 1.2% del PIB. Tal vez la mejor forma de divulgar los objetivos de esta reforma es visualizándola como un paquete fiscal que, en últimas, lograría sostenibilidad fiscal, mejoras en la calidad del mercado laboral y mayor equidad en el frente del gasto público.English Abstract: This document proposes a comprehensive tax-reform for Colombia aiming at: i) providing sustainability for the ratio of Central Government Gross Debt/GDP below the threshold of 70%, knowing that it has been raising from 35% up to 52% during 2012-2019;ii) substituting by budget allocations about 17 percentage points out of 51 of non-wage costs on behalf of the firms;and iii) create fiscal room to increase support for low strata families, particularly affected by the pandemic of Covid-19 which erupted over 2020-2021.We conclude that achieving such fiscal goals will require close to 5% of GDP of additional tax collections of which we here identified nearly 3.7% of GPD over the period 2021-2022. By extending from 45% to 90% of invoicing-items the application of the current general VAT-rate of 19%, about 2% of GPD could be raised;the use of more progressive income-tax rates and lowering the level of application of the current wealth-tax on households would increase tax collections in about 0.5% of GDP;and, finally, the reversion of some tax-exemptions recently granted to firms (under Law 2010 of 2019) could increase tax-revenue by 1.2% of GDP.Perhaps the best form to impulse this tax-reform is to envision it as an instrument to improve not only the debt sustainability of Colombia, but as an efficient instrument to improve income equality and to provide better formal opportunities for a labor market facing open unemployment at double-digit rates.
哥伦比亚税制改革提案(2021-2022)
本文提出了一项全面的税收改革,旨在:㈠确保可持续性的中央政府债务/ gdp比率的方式而不是堆积门槛70%,这已经从35%增至52% pre-pandemia;㈡改善哥伦比亚劳动形式通过拆除近17总共51点,今天面临的关于no-salariales成本,占在哥伦比亚;㈢提供签名声援pos-pandemia资源低收入阶层和老人赤贫。为了实现这些目标,需要额外的税收努力约占gdp的5%,而在中期,这些努力的来源相对明确,约占gdp的3.7%。深化增值税按19%的接近gdp的2%;更累进收费收入阶级(包括设置imporiqueza)将gdp的0.5%;一些逆转和骰子签名(2010年法律下的其余2019)可以产生gdp的1.2%。也许宣传这项改革目标的最佳方式是将其视为一项财政方案,最终将实现财政可持续性、劳动力市场质量的改善和公共支出方面的更大公平性。英文摘要:本文件提出哥伦比亚全面税制改革,目标如下:㈠提供sustainability for the of Gross中央政府债务/ GDP比率以下70%降低门槛,knowing that it has been from 35% up to raising 52% during 2012-2019;㈡substituting by budget的about 17百分比points out of non-wage costs on behalf of the第51;和㈢create财政房间以增加support for low strata家人,特别是影响by the virus of Covid-19 which erupted over -。我们的结论是,要实现这些财政目标,额外税收征收将需要接近GDP的5%,我们在此确定,在2021-2022年期间,这将接近GDP的3.7%。By帮助从45%到90% of invoicing-items the application of the current一般性VAT-rate 19%, about 2% of GPD还将种族主义问题;the use of more progressive income-tax房费and: the level of application of the current wealth-tax on the将增加税collections in about占国内生产总值的0.5%;最后,and the reversion of some tax-exemptions惧的to第2010 cleary (Law of 2019)可增加tax-revenue By占国内生产总值的1.2%。也许推动这一税制改革的最佳方式是将其视为一种工具,不仅可以改善哥伦比亚的债务可持续性,而且可以成为一种有效的工具,可以改善收入平等,并为面临双倍公开失业的劳动力市场提供更好的正式机会。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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