Mathematical modelling of heat and solutal rate with cross‐diffusion effect on the flow of nanofluid past a curved surface under the impact of thermal radiation and heat source: Sensitivity analysis

Abstract

This study analyses the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on the flow of nanofluid along an impermeable curved surface. The Darcy‐Forchheimer drag vis‐à‐vis the radiating heat and the heat source enriches the flow phenomena. This drag force has several applications such as in (i) biomedical engineering for the flow of blood through curved arteries and veins, (ii) civil engineering for the flow of water through porous materials such as soil or rock, etc. The convective heat and solutal transport properties embedded in boundary conditions develop the heat transport phenomena. The dimensional governing equations are transformed into non‐dimensional form by using suitable substitution of transformed variables and stream function. Further, numerical practice is adopted to handle the set of nonlinear differential equations. The simulation of the optimized heat and solutal transfer rate for various factors is carried out using the ‘central composite design’ (CCD) associated with the ‘response surface methodology’ (RSM). The regression analysis and residual error are computed through the statistical approach of analysis of variance and finally, the sensitivity analysis is proposed for the various factors. However, the enhanced properties and flow behaviour for the diversified values of the physical parameters are presented and described briefly via the corroboration of the present methodology with the published work in particular cases. The notable outcomes are the axial velocity profile enriches for the increasing curvature constraints and the regression analysis is presented for the optimizing heat transfer rate using response surface methodology.