Captive Habits of Criminalization

IF 0.4 Q2 Social Sciences
G. Pavlich
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The 19th century proved to be an important moment for a discursive capture through which—as Foucault (1995) has famously described—diverse disciplinary powers expanded omnisciently to form modern, “carceral” societies. Included here was a regulatory focus on crime, capturing (identifying) criminals, and correcting them. The following paper examines specifically how Patrick Colquhoun approached such regulation by emphasizing “immoral habits” as a cause of crime that could be regulated, in concert, by civil society and criminal law. He called for the development of effective discipline-based policing to capture and control criminals in civil society, and to enable their subsequent arrogation by criminal law. Alongside Bentham’s panoptic surveillance, Colquhoun’s views on criminal habits called for expanding disciplined criminalization that tied social and legal governance. Two aspects of Colquhoun’s influential ideas are highlighted; namely, the social formation of immoral habits as the cause of crime, and the need for “energetic” systems of policing to embrace habits of criminalization. Together, these approaches to habit fostered massive, costly, and unequal criminal justice institutions that today form tenacious, marginalizing, and unequal relations of captivity. The scope of such enduring captivities might be curtailed by recalling their contingent emergence through historically distant trends, and by questioning their costly collective effects.
犯罪化的习惯
19世纪被证明是话语捕获的重要时刻,正如福柯(1995)所描述的那样,各种学科权力无所不知地扩展,形成了现代的“俘虏”社会。其中包括对犯罪的监管,抓捕(识别)罪犯,并纠正他们。下面的文章将具体探讨Patrick Colquhoun是如何通过强调“不道德的习惯”作为一种犯罪的原因来处理这种监管的,这种犯罪可以通过公民社会和刑法来协调调节。他呼吁发展以纪律为基础的有效警务,以抓捕和控制民间社会中的罪犯,并使他们能够随后根据刑法被起诉。除了边沁的全视镜监视之外,科尔克霍恩关于犯罪习惯的观点呼吁扩大有纪律的刑事定罪,将社会和法律治理联系起来。强调了科尔克霍恩影响深远的两个方面的思想;也就是说,社会形成的不道德的习惯是犯罪的原因,需要“有活力”的警务系统来接受犯罪化的习惯。这些处理习惯的方法共同促成了规模庞大、成本高昂且不平等的刑事司法机构,今天形成了顽固、边缘化和不平等的囚禁关系。通过回顾它们在历史上遥远的趋势中偶然出现的情况,并质疑它们代价高昂的集体效应,可能会缩小这种持久囚禁的范围。
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来源期刊
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期刊介绍: Focused on examinations of crime and punishment in domestic, transnational, and international contexts, New Criminal Law Review provides timely, innovative commentary and in-depth scholarly analyses on a wide range of criminal law topics. The journal encourages a variety of methodological and theoretical approaches and is a crucial resource for criminal law professionals in both academia and the criminal justice system. The journal publishes thematic forum sections and special issues, full-length peer-reviewed articles, book reviews, and occasional correspondence.
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