The transformation of kaolin to low-silica X zeolite

Deepak Akolekar, Alan Chaffee, Russell F. Howe
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引用次数: 153

Abstract

The thermal transformation of kaolin extrudates to metakaolin and the subsequent crystallization of low-silica X extrudates has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, N2-adsorption, 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR, and surface analysis. Kaolin transforms to metakaolin at 973 K. The macroporous metakaolin extrudates are converted to zeolite X plus a small amount of zeolite A in alkaline solution at 324 K. The 27Al NMR signals of octahedral and pentacoordinated aluminium in metakaolin are removed after 30 min at 324 K, whereas the first XRD features of zeolites X and A are not detected until 48 h. Likewise, 29Si NMR and FTIR spectra show that zeolite is first present at 48 h synthesis time. The amount of zeolite A decreases with increasing synthesis time, but there is an overall increase in product crystallinity and surface area up to 240 h. SEM analyses show that zeolite crystals first form in the interior of extrudates at the edges of macropores; with time the metakaolin matrix is consumed to produce well-crystalline zeolite extrudates consisting of ca. 95% low-silica X and 5% zeolite A.

高岭土向低硅X型沸石的转化
采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱、n2吸附、27Al和29Si核磁共振以及表面分析等方法研究了高岭土挤压物向偏高岭土的热转变以及低硅X挤压物的结晶过程。高岭土在973 K时转变为偏高岭土。将大孔偏高岭土挤出物在324 K的碱性溶液中转化为沸石X和少量沸石a。偏高岭土中八面体铝和五配位铝的27Al核磁共振信号在324 K下加热30 min后被去除,而沸石X和A的第一个XRD特征直到48 h才被检测到。同样,29Si核磁共振和FTIR光谱显示沸石在合成时间48 h时首次出现。随着合成时间的增加,A型沸石的含量逐渐减少,但到240 h,产品的结晶度和比表面积总体呈增加趋势。SEM分析表明,沸石晶体首先在挤出物内部的大孔边缘形成;随着时间的推移,偏高岭土基体被消耗,生成由约95%的低硅X和5%的沸石A组成的结晶良好的沸石挤出物。
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