Possible viral immunochemical status of children with elevated blood fibrinogen in some herbal homes and hospitals in Nigeria

M. Olaniyan, Ferdinand Uwaifo, T. Ojediran
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Abstract

Study Background: Viral infection in children can elicit acute-phase response which can cause significant alterations in the level of acute-phase proteins such as fibrinogen. Aim and Objective: This work was designed to determine the possible viral immunochemical status of children aged 3–7 years with elevated blood fibrinogen of >6.0 g/L who received treatments as patients in herbal homes and hospitals in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Children with elevated blood fibrinogen >6.0 g/L were recruited from 10 herbal homes (n = 27; 3–7 years) and three hospitals (n = 27; 3–7 years) and children with normal blood fibrinogen (3.1 ± 1.0 g/L; n = 30; 3–7 years) were also studied. Anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B surface antigen, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1) p24 antigen were determined in each of the children immunochemically by ELISA, while blood fibrinogen was assayed using the Clauss method. Acid-fast bacilli were determined in the sputum by the Ziehl–Neelsen stain, and Plasmodium spp. identification was carried out using Giemsa staining -thick blood film technique. Results: The viral immunochemical status obtained in children with elevated blood fibrinogen who received treatments in herbal homes showed 3.7% (1) HIV mono-infection; 7.4% (2) HCV mono-infection; 18.5% (5) hepatitis B virus (HBV) mono-infection; 3.7% (1) HIV-HBV coinfection; and 7.4% (2) HCV-HBV coinfection with no coinfection of HIV-HCV and HIV-HCV-HBV, while those who received treatments in the hospitals showed only 11.1% (3) HBV mono-infection. The viral immunochemical status obtained in children with normal blood fibrinogen showed 3.3% (1) HBV mono-infection and 3.3% (1) HCV mono-infection with no HIV mono-infection and HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV, HCV-HBV, and HIV-HCV-HBV coinfections. Conclusion: Viral seromarkers of HCV, HBV, HIV, HIV-HBV, and HCV-HBV were more in children with elevated blood fibrinogen who received treatments in herbal homes than those who received treatments in the hospital and those with normal blood fibrinogen, which suggests blood fibrinogen as a possible diagnostic indicator in viral infection in herbal homes.
尼日利亚一些中草药家庭和医院中血纤维蛋白原升高儿童可能的病毒免疫化学状况
研究背景:儿童病毒感染可引起急性期反应,引起急性期蛋白(如纤维蛋白原)水平的显著改变。目的和目的:本工作旨在确定3-7岁儿童血纤维蛋白原升高>6.0 g/L作为患者在尼日利亚的草药家庭和医院接受治疗的可能的病毒免疫化学状态。材料与方法:从10家中草药医院招募血纤维蛋白原升高>6.0 g/L的儿童(n = 27;3-7岁)和3家医院(n = 27;3 ~ 7岁)和血纤维蛋白原正常(3.1±1.0 g/L;N = 30;3-7岁)也进行了研究。采用ELISA免疫化学法检测儿童抗丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、乙型肝炎表面抗原和人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV1) p24抗原,采用Clauss法检测血纤维蛋白原。采用Ziehl-Neelsen染色法检测痰液中的抗酸杆菌,采用Giemsa染色-厚血膜技术鉴定疟原虫。结果:接受中草药治疗的血纤维蛋白原升高儿童的病毒免疫化学状态为3.7% (1)HIV单感染;7.4%(2)单一HCV感染;18.5%(5)乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)单一感染;3.7% (1) HIV-HBV合并感染;7.4% (2) HCV-HBV合并感染,无HIV-HCV和HIV-HCV-HBV合并感染,而在医院接受治疗的患者仅11.1% (3)HBV单一感染。血纤维蛋白原正常儿童的病毒免疫化学状态为3.3%(1)单一HBV感染和3.3%(1)单一HCV感染,无HIV单一感染和HIV-HBV、HIV-HCV、HCV-HBV和HIV-HCV-HBV合并感染。结论:HCV、HBV、HIV、HIV-HBV、HCV-HBV在中草药治疗的血纤维蛋白原升高的儿童中高于住院治疗的儿童和血纤维蛋白原正常的儿童,提示血纤维蛋白原可能是中草药病毒感染的诊断指标。
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