Spatial Mismatch or Racial Mismatch?

J. Hellerstein, D. Neumark, M. McInerney
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引用次数: 133

Abstract

We contrast the spatial mismatch hypothesis with what we term the racial mismatch hypothesis - that the problem is not a lack of jobs, per se, where blacks live, but a lack of jobs where blacks live into which blacks are hired. We first report new evidence on the spatial mismatch hypothesis, using data from Census Long-Form respondents. We construct direct measures of the presence of jobs in detailed geographic areas, and find that these job density measures are related to employment of black male residents in ways that would be predicted by the spatial mismatch hypothesis - in particular that spatial mismatch is primarily an issue for low-skilled black male workers. We then look at mismatch along not only spatial lines but racial lines as well, by estimating the effects of job density measures that are disaggregated by race. We find that it is primarily black job density that influences black male employment, whereas white job density has little if any influence on their employment. The evidence implies that space alone plays a relatively minor role in low black male employment rates.
空间错配还是种族错配?
我们将空间不匹配假说与我们所说的种族不匹配假说进行了对比——问题本身不是黑人居住的地方缺乏工作,而是黑人居住的地方缺乏工作,而黑人被雇佣了。我们首先报告了空间不匹配假说的新证据,使用了来自人口普查长期调查对象的数据。我们在详细的地理区域构建了工作存在的直接测量,并发现这些工作密度测量与黑人男性居民的就业有关,其方式可以通过空间不匹配假设预测-特别是空间不匹配主要是低技能黑人男性工人的问题。然后,我们通过估计按种族分类的工作密度测量的影响,不仅沿着空间线,而且沿着种族线观察不匹配。我们发现主要是黑人工作密度影响黑人男性的就业,而白人工作密度对他们的就业几乎没有影响。证据表明,空间本身在黑人男性低就业率中起着相对较小的作用。
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