RUGOSE SPIRALING WHITEFLY INFESTATION ON COCONUT: THREATS AND REMEDY

Q2 Environmental Science

Open Ecology Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI:10.59619/ej.5.1.11

Tasfia Tasnim Moon, M. Amin

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Abstract

Rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW) Aleurodicus rugioperculagus (Hemiptera: Aleurodidae) is an invasive pest causing severe damage to coconut plant, having higher percent of infestation (70.2% to 165.4%). The nymph and adults suck cell sap from the underside of the leaves and secret honeydew that develop sooty mold fungi and interfere the growth of the plants. It was first identified in Bangladesh in 2019 on coconut plants in Jashore.Then it has spread to almost all other districts in Bangladesh. Highest coconut tree infestation was observed in southwestern part (97.5%) and lowest (68.0%) was in central part of the country and there was no significant difference among locations. In the coastal regions, the highest percent (97.0%) of infested coconut tree, infested fronds (96.2%) and leaflet area (84.0%) was recorded in Bagerhat district while the lowest percent infested tree (68.0%), fronds per tree (67.2%) and leaflet area (48.0%) was in Cox’s Bazar. The abundance of RSW increases as the number of leaves increased. Higher percent tree infestation (85.7%) was noticed in native while it was lower(81.2%) in dwarf coconut plants although no significant difference was observed.Low abundances of adult RSW were also found in dwarf coconut plants than that of native ones. The highest incidence of whitefly of coconut was observed in summer months of April-May andthe lowest was in June-July. Biological control is an effective measure where Encarsia guadeloupae, lady bird beetleand lacewings are common predators and entomopathogenic fungi Isaria fumosorosea reduces the incidenceof RSW from 77.8 to 75.1%. Various cultural and mechanical practices also significantly reduce the pest incidence, infestation, abundance of egg, nymph and adult by 50.0%, 49.9%, 49.7%, 50.1% and 49.8% respectively. Different systemic neonicotinoid insecticides also showed successful result in controlling rugose spiraling whitefly

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椰子上的白蝇:威胁和补救措施

白蝇(rugioperculagus，半翅目:白蝇科)是一种严重危害椰子植物的入侵害虫，其侵染率较高(70.2% ~ 165.4%)。若虫和成虫从叶子的底部吸取细胞汁液和秘密的蜜露，这些蜜露会产生烟霉真菌，干扰植物的生长。该病毒于2019年首次在孟加拉国j岸上的椰子植物上被发现。然后，它已经蔓延到孟加拉国几乎所有其他地区。西南地区椰树侵染率最高(97.5%)，中部地区最低(68.0%)，地点间无显著差异。在沿海地区，巴格哈特区椰树、叶、小叶面积的侵染率最高(97.0%)，占96.2%;科克斯巴扎尔区椰树、叶、小叶面积的侵染率最低(68.0%)，占67.2%;随着叶片数量的增加，RSW的丰度增加。土栽椰树侵染率较高(85.7%)，矮栽椰树侵染率较低(81.2%)，但差异不显著。矮化椰子成体RSW的丰度也低于本地椰子。椰子粉虱发病率最高的季节为夏季4 ~ 5月，最低的季节为6 ~ 7月。生物防治是一种有效的防治措施，其中瓜德罗普虫、瓢虫和草蛉是常见的捕食者，而昆虫病原真菌烟孢Isaria fumosorosea可将RSW的发病率从77.8降至75.1%。不同栽培和机械措施对害虫发生率、侵染率、虫卵、若虫和成虫丰度的影响分别为50.0%、49.9%、49.7%、50.1%和49.8%。系统使用不同的新烟碱类杀虫剂防治红白蝇也有较好的效果

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来源期刊

Open Ecology Journal Environmental Science-Environmental Science (all)

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期刊介绍： The Open Ecology Journal is an open access online journal which embraces the trans-disciplinary nature of ecology, seeking to publish original research articles, reviews, letters and guest edited single topic issues representing important scientific progress from all areas of ecology and its linkages to other fields. The journal also focuses on the basic principles of the natural environment and its conservation. Contributions may be based on any taxa, natural or artificial environments, biodiversity, spatial scales, temporal scales, and methods that advance this multi-faceted and dynamic science. The Open Ecology Journal also considers empirical and theoretical studies that promote the construction of a broadly applicable conceptual framework or that present rigorous tests or novel applications of ecological theory.