SORPTION PRECONCENTRATION AND DETERMINATION OF ANTIMONY AND TELLURIUM ON MODIFIED SILICA GEL

V. Vеrbа, O. Zaporozhets, I. Кucharenko, E. Кul'baka
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Abstract

Antimony and its compounds are widely used in industry, making it one of the priority pollutants of air and the aquatic environment. Excess of antimony is selectively concentrated in a thyroid gland, a liver, a spleen. The manifestation of the toxic effect of antimony is a variety of impaired functions of the human body, so the content of this element in drinking water normalizes is at the level of 5 μg/l. Recently, tellurium has also been increasingly the subject of research by analyst chemists. Tellurium is a biologically active element and its concentrations in the environment are strictly regulated. According to sanitary rules and regulations, the maximum allowable concentration of tellurium in drinking water is 0.01 mg/l. The article is devoted to the elaboration of solid-phase reagents based on the quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) immobilized on silica gel and to the development on this basis of sorption-spectrometric and visual test-methods of the determination of Sb(III) and Te(IV). The mechanism of the interaction between QAS immobilized on silica gel and the anions iodide complex of antimony and tellurium was studied. It was found that it proceeds by the ion-associative mechanism. Conditions of sorption preconcentration of anionic complexes of elements were optimized. For the quantitative sorption of antimony (III), the weight of the sorbent is 0.020 g and the volume of the solution is 25.0 ml. Under these conditions, the anionic complex is sorbed by 98%. The maximum concentration ratio is 1.25 l/g. The sorption equilibrium in the system is established in 20 minutes. For the quantitative extraction of tellurium (IV), the optimal weight of the sorbent is 0.050 g and a solution volume of 25.0 ml. Under these conditions, the degree of sorption reaches about 80%. The maximum concentration ratio is 0.4 l/g. The sorption equilibrium in the system is established in 15 minutes. The influence of foreign ions on the extraction degree of the investigated elements, and also on the magnitude of analytical signal, was studied. Sorptionspectrometric and visual test-methods of the determination of Sb(III) and Te(IV) in pharmaceutical preparation "Antimonium tartaricum" and "Tellurium Metalicum".
改性硅胶吸附富集测定锑和碲
锑及其化合物在工业上的广泛应用,使其成为大气和水生环境的主要污染物之一。过量的锑会选择性地集中在甲状腺、肝脏和脾脏中。锑的毒性作用表现为人体的各种功能受损,因此饮用水中该元素的含量正常化在5 μg/l的水平。近年来,碲也日益成为分析化学家研究的课题。碲是一种生物活性元素,其在环境中的浓度受到严格管制。根据卫生法规,饮用水中碲的最大允许浓度为0.01 mg/l。本文阐述了硅胶固定化季铵盐固相试剂的制备,并在此基础上建立了Sb(III)和Te(IV)的吸附光谱法和目测法。研究了固载于硅胶上的QAS与锑碲离子碘化配合物相互作用的机理。发现它是通过离子缔合机制进行的。对元素阴离子配合物的吸附预富集条件进行了优化。定量吸附锑(III)时,吸附剂重量为0.020 g,溶液体积为25.0 ml。在此条件下,阴离子络合物的吸附率为98%。最大浓度比为1.25 l/g。系统中的吸附平衡在20分钟内建立。对于碲(IV)的定量提取,吸附剂的最佳质量为0.050 g,溶液体积为25.0 ml,在此条件下,吸附度可达80%左右。最大浓度比为0.4 l/g。系统中的吸附平衡在15分钟内建立。研究了外来离子对所研究元素的萃取程度和分析信号大小的影响。“酒石酸锑”和“金属碲”制剂中Sb(III)和Te(IV)的吸附光谱法和目测法。
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