EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ACTIVITY OF AERIAL PART OF BARANJASIF (Achillea millefolium Linn.) EXTRACTS

Abstract

Hasah al-Kulya (renal calculi) is one of the leading problems affecting kidney. Recurrence of kidney stone formation is approximately 50%, after 2-3 years of recovery. This makes the prevention of its recurrence an essential problem to address. Despite substantial progress in medical therapy, there is no drug with satisfactory effect. Furthermore, the drugs those are being used for its treatment have many side effects. Baranjasif (Achillea millefolium Linn.) is one of the drugs used in Unani Medicine that has been extensively used for the management of urolithiasis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the lithotriptic action of Baranjasif in-vitro. In this study, calcium oxalate stones were prepared experimentally followed by the preparation of semipermeable membrane by dissolving the outer shell of egg in 2M HCl overnight. Calcium oxalate stones weighing 10mg were then allowed to react with 7 extracts of A. millefolium L. viz, Pet-ether, Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate, Methanol, Acetone, Hydro-alcohol and Aqueous by packing them together in semipermeable membrane. The reaction was performed on three different concentrations of each extract i.e., 50 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg. In addition to 7 groups, two more groups were taken, i) a negative group containing only the stone of weight 10 mg and ii) standard group consisting of stone weighing 10 mg and cystone (in concentrations of 50 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg). Statistical methods like mean standard deviation, percentage dissolution, percentage inhibition, IC and Pearson's correlation were applied to understand the extent of dissolution of stones 50 in each group. The study advocates that Baranjasif reveals lithotriptic activity comparable to standard drug. The efficacy of the drug is directly proportional to its concentration. Ethyl acetate extract of the plant showed the most promising results.