Utilization of Talaromyces sp., Cladosporium sp. and Albizia (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) Mycorrhizae on the Phytoremediation of Oil Sludge: Changes of Lead, Nickel, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) Contents

Abstract

Aim: Phytoremediation is the use of microbial and rhizosphere systems to clean up a hazardous waste making it environmentally friendly,potentially zero waste and cost effective. Study on phytoremediation of oil sludge using consortium fungi (Talaromyces sp., Cladosporiumsp.) and mycorrhizae Albizia sp (sengon) was conducted. This study was aimed at evaluating the ability of consortium fungi and mycorrhizae in reducing heavy metal (Pb and Ni), Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) contents in contaminated soil.Methodology and results: Consortium fungi were inoculated into a compost medium containing 35% of oil sludge and monitored for two months and followed by planting mycorrhizae of sengon in the phytoremediation process. The changes of Pb and Ni, TPH, and PAH contents as well as the number of the fungi colonies in oil sludge medium were monitored every three weeks to eighteen weeks and analyzed during the remediation process. The relationship between the levels of Pb and Ni, that of TPH and the number of consortium fungi colonies were analyzed through regression correlation Thereafter, the PAH data were analyzed descriptively.Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The results showed that good interaction between Talaromyces sp, Cladosporium sp and microoganism rhizosphere on oily sludge phytoremediation resulted in the decrement of heavy metal content (Pb and Ni), TPH and PAH compounds. On eighteenth week of observation, reduction of Pb and Ni content in 35% oil sludge medium was approximately 71.9% and 67.9%, respectively. In every increment of 1 CFU ml-1, fungi consortium will affect the reduction in TPH levels to 0.286%. After fifteen weeks TPH content decreased to the lowest (70.82%), followed by the degradation of PAH compounds n-eicosane and n-hexatriacontane with carbon chains that range from C20-C36 to the shorter carbon chain (C16-C32) such as Hexadecane, 2, 6,10,14-tetramethyl, heneicosane, n-hexacosane, octadecane, 3-methyl and Dotriacontane.