Energy-aware multipath geographic routing for detouring mode in wireless sensor networks

Abstract

For energy-constrained wireless sensor networks, we present an Energy-aware Multipath Geographic Routing (EMGR) protocol. EMGR utilizes geographic information, the characteristics of energy consumption and the metric of advanced energy cost to select the next forwarding node, and uses a dynamic anchor list to shift routing path for load balance. Simulation results show that EMGR is superior to other protocols in terms of energy efficiency, network lifetime, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.