Hemifacial microsomia – A case report and review

Abstract

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a craniofacial disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of anomalies, including conductive hearing loss due to external and middle ear deformities. HFM is a common term used to describe a sporadic complex spectrum of congenital anomalies that primarily involve the skeletal and soft-tissue components derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Although there is no universal agreement on the minimum diagnostic criteria, the facial phenotype, which is predominantly characterized by asymmetrical hypoplasia of the facial skeleton, the ear, and facial soft tissues are often distinctive enough to differentiate it from other craniofacial disorders. It is the most common facial congenital disability after cleft lip and palate, with an estimated prevalence of about 1 in 5600 births. We present a case of HFM in 13-year-old female.