Olfactory CO2 chemoreceptors

E.Lee Coates
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引用次数: 55

Abstract

Amphibians and reptiles possess CO2-sensitive olfactory receptors that cause a dose-dependent decrease in breathing when stimulated by CO2 concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 8%. In amphibians, it has been shown that inhibition of the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase (CA), attenuates the response of CO2-sensitive olfactory receptors to transient changes in nasal CO2. Histology and electrophysiology studies in frogs show that identification of sites of CA activity can serve as markers for locations of CO2 chemosensitivity in the olfactory epithelium. There is also growing evidence that CO2 receptors may be present in the olfactory epithelium of mammals. The objectives of this review are to, (1) summarize the current state of knowledge of olfactory CO2 receptors in amphibians, reptiles, and mammals; (2) present results from an experiment designed to determine the distribution and density of CA activity within the rat nasal cavity; (3) show results from an experiment that recorded the olfactory receptor response to CO2 in areas of the rat nasal cavity exhibiting the highest densities of CA activity; and (4) discuss the presumed role of the olfactory CO2 receptors in the control of breathing and in abnormalities of breathing, such as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

嗅觉二氧化碳化学感受器
两栖动物和爬行动物拥有对二氧化碳敏感的嗅觉感受器,当受到0.5%至8%的二氧化碳浓度的刺激时,它们的呼吸会因剂量而减少。在两栖动物中,碳酸酐酶(CA)的抑制减弱了二氧化碳敏感嗅觉受体对鼻腔二氧化碳瞬间变化的反应。青蛙的组织学和电生理学研究表明,CA活性位点的鉴定可以作为嗅觉上皮中CO2化学敏感性位置的标记。越来越多的证据表明,二氧化碳受体可能存在于哺乳动物的嗅上皮中。本文综述的目的是:(1)总结了两栖动物、爬行动物和哺乳动物嗅觉CO2受体的研究现状;(2)目前的实验结果,旨在确定大鼠鼻腔内CA活性的分布和密度;(3)展示了一项实验的结果,该实验记录了大鼠鼻腔中CA活性密度最高的区域对CO2的嗅觉受体反应;(4)讨论嗅觉CO2受体在控制呼吸和呼吸异常(如婴儿猝死综合征(SIDS))中的假定作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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