Alveolar hemorrhage linked to Evans syndrome

Abstract

Evans syndrome associates thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and/or neutropenia with a positive direct antihuman globulin test. It is an autoimmune entity. We report here a case of a 71-year-old patient followed up for Evans syndrome, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and moderate chronic renal failure. He was hospitalized for massive hemoptysis and decline of platelet blood count to under 40 000 cells/mm3. Alveolar hemorrhage was so extended in computed tomography scan. The acute respiratory failure was followed by a systemic shock and then death. This disease has no consensual treatment but some therapies are effective. Preventive management should be considered to avoid cataclysmic complications.