Energy requirements for manufacture of some non-ferrous metals

Abstract

AbstractEnergy requirements are calculated for the manufacture of some non-ferrous metals, both from ore in the ground and from secondary sources. Lead, zinc, tin, magnesium, titanium, manganese, sodium, and nickel are treated at a lower level of detail, reflecting the relative paucity of information available on the energy required to produce these metals. Detailed breakdowns by fuel type are given for each metal considered.