The just war tradition in Zimbabwean historiography: Dis/entangling the Gordian knot between religion and morality of war

P. Gundani
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Three wars stand out In Zimbabwean historiography with regards to the use and application of the just war tradition. The first was occasioned by the murder of Fr Gonzalo Da Silveira, a Portuguese Jesuit missionary, in 1560. After seeking the advice of the Ecclesiastical Council, the Portuguese King decided to send an expedition under the leadership of Francisco Barreto to wage war against the Mutapa Empire.  Deliberations by the Council hand concluded that the military expedition would constitute a ‘just war’.  The second war broke out in 1893, at the instigation of the British South Africa Company (BSAC). This war often referred to as the ‘Matabele war’ was a war of conquest against the Ndebele kingdom. Again, the ‘just war’ theory was applied. Thirdly, the concept was also utilised in writings by political and Church leaders in support of the Chimurenga/ Umfazo II (1966-1979).  In this article, we argue that the three wars fell short of the moral bar to which the just war tradition aspires. Instead, the three wars were geared to and indeed succeeded in, serving parochial and sectarian interests of those behind the war at the expense of the lofty ideals espoused by the just war tradition. The study will rely on available secondary sources that form part of Zimbabwean historiography.
津巴布韦史学中的正义战争传统:解开宗教与战争道德之间的纠结
在津巴布韦的史学中,有三场战争与正义战争传统的使用和应用有关。第一次是1560年葡萄牙耶稣会传教士Gonzalo Da Silveira被谋杀引起的。在征求了教会委员会的意见后,葡萄牙国王决定派遣一支由弗朗西斯科·巴雷托率领的远征队,对穆塔帕帝国发动战争。安理会审议后得出结论,这次军事远征将构成一场“正义战争”。在英国南非公司(BSAC)的煽动下,第二次战争于1893年爆发。这场战争通常被称为“马塔贝莱战争”,是一场针对恩德贝莱王国的征服战争。再一次,“正义战争”理论被应用。第三,政治和教会领导人在支持奇穆伦加/乌姆法佐二世(1966-1979年)的著作中也使用了这一概念。在本文中,我们认为这三场战争都没有达到正义战争传统所追求的道德标准。相反,这三场战争都是为战争背后的狭隘和宗派利益服务的,并且确实取得了成功,牺牲了正义战争传统所支持的崇高理想。这项研究将依靠现有的二手资料,这些资料构成津巴布韦史学的一部分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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