Grid based forwarding and routing scheme for extending lifetime of wireless sensor networks

Abstract

The role of energy in wireless sensor networks (WSN) becomes very important when network is unattended and it is not possible to recharge sensor node's battery in the sensing region many times. Due to this limited battery energy of sensor nodes it becomes a challenge for WSN to maintain proper functioning for a long time. So for the enhancement in network lifetime of the WSN, here we propose a modified diagonal first (bypass) forwarding scheme. In our proposed bypass forwarding scheme, the sensing region is partitioned into a grid based virtual infrastructure and in each grid the sensors elect a grid_leader on the basis of their residual energy and the grid_leaders are responsible for data dissemination to the sink node in three ways (a) horizontal (b) vertical and (c) diagonal. In this paper, we propose a modified data dissemination algorithm for wireless sensor networks that reduces the number of intermediate nodes involved during the communication between source and sink. This eventually extends the lifetime of sensor network. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can extend the network lifetime up to 30 percent.