​ Screening for Peripheral Vascular Disease among Type 2 Diabetes Patients of Lower Socio Economic Status using Ankle Brachial Index - A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the key important non-communicable diseases of this century in terms of mortality and prevalence. Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is one of the most common macrovascular complications of Type II DM. PVD in risky cases exhibits as claudication or gangrene, but in maximum cases, manifests hidden symptoms. Early detection of vascular changes helps in effective handling of Diabetes and its complications. Study objectives were to assess Ankle Brachial Index in all asymptomatic vasculopathy in type2 diabetic patients of low socio-economic status using a hand-held doppler and to correlate the findings of Ankle Brachial Index with PVD. Material and methods: A descriptive cross sectional study done among the patients with asymptomatic vasculopathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients coming to outpatient department as well as admitted as inpatients in Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Centre, Ammapettai, Tamilnadu, India. The study duration was 18 months. Sample size was calculated to be 130. Results: In the study population of 130, using the ankle brachial index, 110 (84.6%) were normal (1 and above). 11 (8.5%) and 9 (6.9%) were having asymptomatic claudication (0.9-0.99) and claudication (<0.9) respectively. The prevalence of PVD is 15.4% in the study population. Conclusion: Ankle Brachial Index is a simple, easy to perform, rapid, reliable and accurate test which can be performed especially among the high risk groups.