Antibacterial and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of Ethanol Extract and its Fractions from Six Wild Fruits of Burkina Faso

Abstract

The objective is to highlight the useful of tropical wild edible fruits with antibacterial properties. Six wild edible fruits from medicinal plant of Burkina Faso were extracted by ethanol and fractioned by using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The samples antibacterial effect was evaluated by using agar diffusion method and their anti-quorum sensing activity was measured spectrophotometrically. The bioactive compounds like flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds were quantified in different fractions from fruits. Interestingly, fruit extracts and fractions inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa POA1 tetracycline resistant and Staphylococcus aureus aztreonam resistant but the fractions did not improve the diameter of inhibition zone. According to this data, extracts and salicylic acid at 100 &mug/mL compared to vehicle didn’t affect bacterial growth but exhibited an anti-quorum sensing activity by inhibiting pyocyanin production and elastase activity. The pyocyanin production inhibition was increased from 11.68 to 54.54% and the elastase activity inhibition, from 21.05 to 40.35%. Interestingly, extract of Adansonia digitate was more active on the inhibition of pyocyanin production than salicylic acid while extract of Vitellaria paradoxa presented the same inhibition of elastase activity like salicylic acid (p>0.05). The phenolic compounds contribution to the diameter of inhibition zone of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, elastase activity and pyocyanin production inhibition was 0.56, 0.55 and 0.76 (p<0.05) respectively. These findings showed that tropical wild edible fruits are a reservoir of antibacterial bioactive compounds and could be exploited to fight microbial resistance.