Stress-Zone Based Support Technology of Large Section Coal Roadway

Feng-chun Cai
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Abstract

As a new method to support gate roadways, rock bolting has been widely used in the big coal enterprises for its superiority. The disturbed stress field of surrounding rock and anchor pre-stress field were divided into 3 areas in consideration of σ 1 , σ 3 . The surrounding rock failure form and characteristic were analyzed in combination with parameter f, the failure mechanism was explained using the slip line theory, furthermore, the rock bolting mechanism and its arrangement were studied. After roadway excavation, the tensile stress area appeared at the surface of the surrounding rock. The failure type changes from shallow tension-shear form into deep compression-shear form and the failure shape is an “incense burner”, surrounding by high risk failure area in butterfly shape. The maximum principle stress in roof appears discontinuous distribution because of layers separation. The failure type of surrounding rock is intensity-stress environment-weak plane control model. The internal reason of roadway macroscopic failure is the displacement between the surface plastic area and the deep elastic region along the tangential direction of slip line. In condition of rock bolt support, there is one-way tensile stress area in small range at the surface of surrounding rock, inside is the bidirectional compressive zone in uniform distribution form, stress environment is improved by the superposition of anchor pre-stress and disturbed stress field, anchor rock bolt arrangement and pre-tightening force distribution is decided according to the distribution of f parameter. Finally, supporting method and parameter reasonability was proved by the roadway deformation monitoring, damage depth drilling peep test in the 8101 transportation roadway in a mine.
基于应力区的大断面煤巷支护技术
锚杆支护作为一种新型的巷道支护方法,以其优越性在大型煤炭企业中得到了广泛的应用。考虑σ 1、σ 3,将围岩扰动应力场和锚杆预应力场划分为3个区域。结合参数f分析了围岩破坏形式和特征,利用滑移线理论解释了围岩破坏机理,并对锚杆支护机理及其布置进行了研究。巷道开挖后,围岩表面出现拉应力区。破坏类型由浅张剪型转变为深压剪型,破坏形态呈“香炉”状,周围为蝴蝶状高风险破坏区。顶板最大主应力因分层而出现不连续分布。围岩破坏类型为强-应力-环境-弱平面控制模式。巷道宏观破坏的内在原因是表面塑性区与深部弹性区沿滑移线切向的位移。锚杆支护条件下,围岩表面存在小范围单向拉应力区,内部为均匀分布形式的双向压应力区,锚杆预应力与扰动应力场叠加改善应力环境,根据f参数的分布决定锚杆的布置和预紧力的分布。最后,通过对某矿8101运输巷道巷道变形监测、损伤深度钻孔窥视试验,验证了支护方法及参数的合理性。
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