CLASSIFICATION OF EXTRACTION PROCESSES BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM PLANT RAW MATERIALS

Abstract

The article considers the processes of extraction of biologically active substances from plant materials, classifications are given. Methods for activating the extraction process have been identified, which make it possible to carry out work to improve the technological process of extraction and improve the design of installations for obtaining plant extracts. An extended classification of processes for the extraction of biologically active substances from plant materials has been proposed. Ways of activation of extraction processes are revealed. Classification of extraction preparations for plant materials can be carried out on the basis of various extraction systems and production technologies. The following classification schemes for the technological process of extraction are compiled and presented in the article: a schematic representation of extraction as a physical and chemical process; graphical representation of the extraction process; features of extraction of biologically active substances from raw materials with a cellular structure; stages of the extraction process; types of diffusion of biologically active substances from the internal structures of the material into the extractant; factors determining the efficiency of the extraction process; classification of extraction preparations from plant materials according to the production technology, taking into account extraction systems; parameters characterizing the extraction process; methods for determining the distribution coefficient of a substance in a plant extract; ways to activate the extraction process. Each type of extraction has its own advantages and disadvantages, and can be more or less effective depending on the type of plant material and the purpose of using the extract. Therefore, the choice of an extraction system should be based on a thorough analysis of the properties of plant materials and the requirements for the final product. Thus, the identified methods for activating the extraction process make it possible to carry out work to improve the technological process of extraction and the design of installations for obtaining plant extracts.