Lasers are used in Nanostructuring, Microarray Analysis and Surgery

Abstract

Lasers are used in nanostructuring operations that are depositional, epitaxial and lithographical in nature, in surgery, confocal scanners in microarray analysis and next-generation sequencing, and number of research applications. Atoms can be trapped using lasers and affect lower temperatures. Laser cooling may lead to agglomeration of atoms. Chu and Philips obtained the Nobel Prize in 1997. Nanoprisms can be generated using laser ablation techniques. The market for nanotechnology products is expected to exceed 1 trillion later this year. The break-down by industry type are about $340 billion from nanomaterials, $300 billion from electronics, $180 billion from pharmaceuticals, $100 billion each form chemicals and sustainability and $70 billion from transportation. Genominomics cost has decreased dramatically over the past 10 years. This may lead to a wider use of genome sequencers. Confocal scanners are used during microarray analysis. Cost of lasers may also be driven down by increased demand. Materials that went into the first semiconductor lasers can be used to make miniature lasers that are lower in cost, smaller in size. Alferov and Kromer were given the Nobel Prize in 2000 for their development of semiconductor physics. Both light source and energy supply are placed in mirrors in one mm sized crystals.