Analysis of Caputo fractional-order model for COVID-19 with non-pharmaceuticals interventions and vaccine hesitancy

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a fractional order Coronavirus (COVID-19) model incorporating non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccine hesitancy. The proposed model was calibrated with data from literature and validated with reported daily cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan, China. We derived the reproduction number and demonstrated that it is an important threshold parameter for disease persistence and extinction. We examined the relationship between the reproduction number and model parameters. Our findings underscore the importance of awareness and vaccine uptake on mitigating the spread of COVID-19.