Epidemiological characteristics of suicide in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina

Abstract

Introduction. Suicide is defined as a conscious and deliberate taking of one's own life, or a self-destructive behavior with a fatal outcome. Every year, millions of people are affected by suicide or the feeling of grief. The aim of our research was to review the basic epidemiological characteristics of suicide in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, in order to assist in targeted prevention programs. Material and Methods. A retrospective, observational study was conducted. The data were analyzed in chronological order and in accordance with different demographic characteristics and topographic distribution. Basic statistical indicators were used as parameters: non-standardized, standardized and specific mortality rates. Results. During the observed period, from 1991 until the end of 2010, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, the average annual non-standardized suicide rate was 27.9/100,000 inhabitants. The highest suicide rate was recorded in 1992 and 1993 (33.7/100,000 and 34.5/100,000, respectively) and in 1999 (31.5/100,000). The highest age-specific suicide rate was recorded in ≥ 80 year-old age group (120.5/100,000). The suicide rates were significantly higher among males, while the most common suicide method for both sexes was by hanging (69.9%). The highest average annual suicide rate was recorded among widowers (176.9/100,000) and widows (37.8/100,000). The lowest number of suicides was recorded in persons with higher level of education. Conclusion. Since in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina persons at increased risk for suicide include males, the elderly population, persons with low education levels, and people who lost their partners, suicide prevention strategies should target these groups, including primary and secondary prevention measures.