Transcription factors – key regulatory biomolecules determining the differentiation of mesenchimal stem cells into the somatic cells of organs and tissues

Abstract

Тhe mechanisms of differentiation of mesenchimal stem cells into the somatic cells of organs and tissues underlying embryogenesis and natural reparation processes and providing the structural and functional homeostasis of cells are considered. The data on adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, miogenic, and endothelial differentiations are given, which results in the formation of the cells of mesodermal origin in organism. The problem is discussed, how the transcription factors control each type of differentiation and participatе in them using various regulatory biomolecules, transcription factors, cytokines, and chimokins being in complicate permanent interactions and forming the integrity regulatory network. The participation in differentiation processes of a number of transcription factors (Runx2, Sox9, PPARγ, MyoD, GATA4 и GATA6) is discussed, the expression of which is under a permanent chemical control within the cellular regulatory network.