The class VIII myosin ATM1 is required for root apical meristem function

Abstract

Myosins are evolutionarily conserved motor proteins that interact with actin filaments to regulate organelle transport, cytoplasmic streaming and cell growth. Plant-specific Class XI myosin proteins direct cell division and root organogenesis. However, the roles of plantspecific Class VIII myosin proteins in plant growth and development are less understood. Here, we investigated the function of an auxin-regulated Class VIII myosin, Arabidopsis thaliana Myosin 1 (ATM1), using genetics, transcriptomics, and live cell microscopy. ATM1 is expressed in the primary root, adventitious roots and throughout lateral root development. ATM1 is a plasma membrane localized protein that is enriched in actively dividing cells in the root apical meristem (RAM). Loss of ATM1 function results in impaired primary root growth due to decreased RAM size and reduced cell proliferation in a sugar-dependent manner. In ATM1 loss-of-function roots, columella reporter gene expression is diminished, and fewer columella stem cell divisions occur. In addition, atm1-1 roots displayed reduced auxin responses and auxin marker gene expression. Complementation of atm1-1 with a tagged ATM1 driven under the native ATM1 promoter restored root growth and cell cycle progression in the root meristem. Collectively, these results provide novel evidence that ATM1 functions to influence cell proliferation and columella differentiation in primary roots in response to auxin and sugar cues.