1921–2021: A Century of Renewable Ammonia Synthesis

Kevin H. R. Rouwenhorst, A. Travis, L. Lefferts
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Synthetic ammonia, manufactured by the Haber–Bosch process and its variants, is the key to securing global food security. Hydrogen is the most important feedstock for all synthetic ammonia processes. Renewable ammonia production relies on hydrogen generated by water electrolysis using electricity generated from hydropower. This was used commercially as early as 1921. In the present work, we discuss how renewable ammonia production subsequently emerged in those countries endowed with abundant hydropower, and in particular in regions with limited or no oil, gas, and coal deposits. Thus, renewable ammonia played an important role in national food security for countries without fossil fuel resources until after the mid-20th century. For economic reasons, renewable ammonia production declined from the 1960s onward in favor of fossil-based ammonia production. However, renewable ammonia has recently gained traction again as an energy vector. It is an important component of the rapidly emerging hydrogen economy. Renewable ammonia will probably play a significant role in maintaining national and global energy and food security during the 21st century.
1921-2021:一个世纪的可再生氨合成
由哈伯-博世工艺及其变体生产的合成氨是确保全球粮食安全的关键。氢是所有合成氨过程中最重要的原料。可再生氨的生产依赖于水电电解产生的氢气。早在1921年,这种方法就被用于商业用途。在目前的工作中,我们讨论了可再生氨生产随后如何在那些拥有丰富水电资源的国家出现,特别是在石油、天然气和煤炭储量有限或没有的地区。因此,直到20世纪中期以后,可再生氨在没有化石燃料资源的国家的国家粮食安全中发挥了重要作用。由于经济原因,从20世纪60年代开始,可再生氨的生产逐渐减少,转而采用化石原料生产氨。然而,可再生氨最近作为一种能源载体再次获得了关注。它是迅速崛起的氢经济的重要组成部分。在21世纪,可再生氨可能在维护国家和全球能源和粮食安全方面发挥重要作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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