Features of Metabolism in Women with Preeclampsia Combined with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective of the Review: To summarize the proven prognostic and diagnostic criteria for gestational complications caused by a combination of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE). Key points. There is an analytical review of the modern paradigm of GDM and PE, their complications, as well as perinatal and long-term outcomes for mother and child. The data on clinical, anamnestic and laboratory risk factors of PE in GDM are systematized. A close relationship between the mechanisms of PE and GDM development — angiogenic imbalance and metabolic disorders in the placenta is described. Conclusion. GDM is recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of PE, and this risk is the greater the less GDM is compensated. Polycystic ovary syndrome and an increased body mass index as concomitant factors of metabolic disorders also increase the risk of developing PE. The supposed pathogenetic commonality of GDM and PE is the presence of oxidative stress and metaflammation, which increase insulin resistance and cause endothelial dysfunction. Keywords: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, metabolism, risk factors, pathogenetic commonality.