Equilibrium Fractionation of Non-traditional Stable Isotopes: an Experimental Perspective

1区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences
A. Shahar, S. Elardo, C. Macris
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引用次数: 30

Abstract

In 1986, O’Neil wrote a Reviews in Mineralogy chapter on experimental aspects of isotopic fractionation. He noted that in order to fully understand and interpret the natural variations of light stable isotope ratios in nature, it was essential to know the magnitude and temperature dependence of the isotopic fractionation factor amongst minerals and fluids. At that time it was difficult to imagine that this would become true for the heavier, so called non-traditional stable isotopes, as well. Since the advent of the multiple collector inductively coupled plasma-source mass spectrometer (MC–ICP–MS), natural variations of stable isotope ratios have been found for almost any polyisotopic element measured. Although it has been known that as temperature and mass increase, isotope fractionation decreases very quickly, the MC–ICP–MS has revolutionized the ability of a geochemist to measure very small differences in isotope ratios. It was then that the field of experimental non-traditional stable isotope geochemistry was born. As O’Neil (1986) pointed out there are three ways to obtain isotopic fractionation factors: theoretical calculations, measurements of natural samples with well-known formation conditions, and laboratory calibration studies. This chapter is devoted to explaining the techniques involved with laboratory experiments designed to measure equilibrium isotope fractionation factors as well as the best practices that have been learned. Although experimental petrology has been around for a long time and basic experimental methods have been well-refined, there are additional considerations that must be taken into account when the goal is to measure isotopic compositions at the end of the experiment. It has been only about ten years since these initial studies were published, but much has been learned in that time about how best to conduct experiments aimed at determining equilibrium fractionation factors. We will not focus on the scientific results that have been determined by such experiments, as each …
非传统稳定同位素的平衡分馏:实验视角
1986年,奥尼尔写了一篇关于同位素分馏实验方面的矿物学评论章节。他指出,为了充分了解和解释自然界中轻稳定同位素比率的自然变化,必须了解矿物和流体中同位素分馏因子的大小和温度依赖性。当时很难想象这种情况也会发生在更重的,也就是所谓的非传统稳定同位素身上。自从多收集器电感耦合等离子体源质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)问世以来,几乎所有测量的多同位素元素都发现了稳定同位素比率的自然变化。虽然已知随着温度和质量的增加,同位素分异会迅速减少,但MC-ICP-MS已经彻底改变了地球化学家测量同位素比率非常微小差异的能力。实验非传统稳定同位素地球化学领域由此诞生。正如O 'Neil(1986)所指出的,有三种方法可以获得同位素分馏因子:理论计算、已知地层条件下的自然样品测量和实验室校准研究。本章致力于解释与实验室实验有关的技术,旨在测量平衡同位素分馏因子以及已学到的最佳实践。虽然实验岩石学已经存在了很长时间,基本的实验方法也已经完善,但当我们的目标是在实验结束时测量同位素组成时,还有一些额外的考虑因素必须考虑进去。这些最初的研究发表至今只有大约十年的时间,但在那段时间里,人们已经学到了很多关于如何最好地进行旨在确定平衡分馏因子的实验的知识。我们不会把重点放在这些实验所确定的科学结果上,因为每个……
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来源期刊
Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry
Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
39
期刊介绍: RiMG is a series of multi-authored, soft-bound volumes containing concise reviews of the literature and advances in theoretical and/or applied mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, and geochemistry. The content of each volume consists of fully developed text which can be used for self-study, research, or as a text-book for graduate-level courses. RiMG volumes are typically produced in conjunction with a short course but can also be published without a short course. The series is jointly published by the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) and the Geochemical Society.
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