Rational Conditions of Fatty Acids Obtaining by Soapstock Treatment with Sulfuric Acid

N. Sytnik, Ekaterina Kunitsia, V. Mazaeva, V. Kalyna, A. Chernukha, S. Vazhynskyi, O. Yashchenko, Murat Maliarov, O. Bogatov, B. Bolibrukh
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

As a result of alkaline neutralization of oils, a significant amount of soapstock is formed, the utilization of which creates an environmental and economic problem. The production of fatty acids from soapstock using sulfuric acid decomposition is investigated in this work. The peculiarity of the work is the determination of regression dependences of the yield and neutralization number of fatty acids on the soapstock processing conditions: temperature and duration. Soapstock obtained after neutralization of sunflower oil was used as raw material. Soapstock indicators: mass fraction of moisture – 15.4 %, total fat – 71.9 %, fatty acids – 64.5 %, neutral fat – 7.4 %. Rational conditions of soapstock processing are determined: temperature (90–95) °С, duration 40 min. Under these conditions, the fatty acid yield is 79.0 %, the neutralization number is 180.0 mg KOH/g. Quality indicators of the obtained fatty acids: mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – 1.8 %, mass fraction of total fat – 97.0 %, cleavage depth – 64.5 % of oleic acid, the presence of mineral acids – no. Fatty acids correspond to fatty acids of the first grade according to DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7). An increase in the temperature and duration of soapstock contact with sulfuric acid increases the yield and neutralization number of fatty acids. This is due to a decrease in the viscosity of the reaction medium, an increase in the depth of cleavage of soapstock soaps with sulfuric acid, an increase in the intensity and duration of mass transfer. The developed rational conditions allow obtaining fatty acids from soapstock, which correspond in composition to fatty acids from refined deodorized sunflower oil. The results allow solving a number of economic and environmental problems associated with soapstock utilization and can be implemented in oil refineries and fatty acid production
硫酸处理皂基制脂肪酸的合理条件
由于油的碱性中和,形成了大量的皂料,其利用产生了一个环境和经济问题。研究了用硫酸分解法制备皂基脂肪酸的工艺。这项工作的特点是确定脂肪酸的产率和中和数与皂料加工条件的回归依赖关系:温度和持续时间。以葵花籽油中和后得到的皂料为原料。皂料指标:水分质量分数- 15.4%,总脂肪- 71.9%,脂肪酸- 64.5%,中性脂肪- 7.4%。确定了皂料加工的合理条件:温度(90-95)°С,时间40 min。在此条件下,脂肪酸得率为79.0%,中和数为180.0 mg KOH/g。所得脂肪酸质量指标:水分和挥发性物质质量分数为1.8%,总脂肪质量分数为97.0%,解理深度为64.5%,油酸含量为64.5%。脂肪酸对应于DSTU 4860 (CAS 61788-66-7)规定的一级脂肪酸。提高皂料与硫酸接触的温度和时间,可提高脂肪酸的产率和中和数。这是由于反应介质的粘度降低,皂料肥皂与硫酸的解理深度增加,传质强度和持续时间增加。所开发的合理条件允许从皂粕中获得脂肪酸,其组成与精制脱臭葵花籽油中的脂肪酸相对应。该结果可以解决与皂基利用相关的许多经济和环境问题,并可在炼油厂和脂肪酸生产中实施
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