Compatibilising additives for enhancing the interaction at the phase interface in thermoplastic vulcanisates based on rubbers of different polarity and polypropylene*

O. Panfilova, S. Volfson, N. A. Okhotina, R. K. Sabirov, I. Baranets, A. R. Karimova, A. Shishkina
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Abstract

The possibilities of increasing the interaction between the components of previously developed thermoplastic vulcanisates based on polypropylene and a combination of isoprene and nitrile butadiene rubbers were studied. The morphology of the composites was recorded by means of optical microscopy using an analytical complex based on a Leica DM-2500 optical microscope, a Leica DFC-420C digital high-resolution colour camera with a Peltier cooling system, and a specialised computer desk. The parameters of crystallisation of polypropylene were measured by differential scanning calorimetry using a DSC 204F1 Phoenix instrument (Netzsch). The physicomechanical properties of the vulcanisates were also determined. Maleinised polypropylene, a copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate, and their mixtures were used as compatibilising additives. Maleinised polypropylene was introduced together with polypropylene in a quantity of 1–10 parts; no changes in properties were observed with increase in the dosage above 4 parts, so this dosage was used. The copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate (1–10 parts) was introduced into the rubber phase at the stage of rubber mix preparation specially to improve the compatibility of polypropylene and nitrile butadiene rubber. The introduction of maleinised polypropylene leads to an increase in the workability and in the level of elastic strength properties, in particular the tensile elastic modulus and hardness. A considerable increase in the uniformity of distribution of components throughout the volume, a finer dispersion of the rubbers in the polypropylene matrix, and a reduction in the number of pores in the material were shown, and also an increase in the degree of polypropylene crystallinity measured under experimental conditions. The most positive effect is observed with the combined introduction of the copolymer of ethylene with vinyl acetate and the maleinised polypropylene: the nominal stress under elongation increases by 34%, and the elongation at break by 15%. The combined introduction of the compatibilising additives improves the compatibility of the components of the system, the phase boundaries become more diffuse, there is a reduction in the optical density of rubber-rich zones, and these zones are penetrated by polypropylene fibrils.
增强不同极性橡胶和聚丙烯基热塑性硫化胶相界面相互作用的增容添加剂*
研究了增加先前开发的基于聚丙烯和异戊二烯和丁腈橡胶组合的热塑性硫化胶组分之间相互作用的可能性。通过光学显微镜记录复合材料的形态,使用基于徕卡DM-2500光学显微镜的分析复合体,徕卡DFC-420C数字高分辨率彩色相机,配有珀尔捷冷却系统和专用电脑桌。采用差示扫描量热法,采用DSC 204F1菲尼克斯仪(Netzsch)测定了聚丙烯的结晶参数。测定了硫化胶的物理力学性能。用乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物马来化聚丙烯及其混合物作为增容助剂。以1-10份的数量与聚丙烯一起引入马来化聚丙烯;4份以上添加量均未见性能变化,故采用该剂量。在混炼胶制备阶段,为提高聚丙烯与丁腈橡胶的相容性,将乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物(1-10份)引入橡胶相中。引入男性化聚丙烯导致可加工性和弹性强度性能水平的增加,特别是拉伸弹性模量和硬度。在整个体积中,组分分布的均匀性大大增加,橡胶在聚丙烯基体中的分散更细,材料中孔隙的数量减少,并且在实验条件下测量的聚丙烯结晶度也有所增加。乙烯与醋酸乙烯共聚物和马来化聚丙烯的联合引入产生了最积极的影响:伸长率下的名义应力增加了34%,断裂伸长率增加了15%。增容助剂的联合引入提高了体系组分的相容性,相边界变得更加扩散,富橡胶区的光学密度降低,这些区域被聚丙烯纤维穿透。
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