SIMULATION OF FINAL DIRECT EXTRUSION STAGE FOR LARGE RODS WITH LOW EXTRUSION RATIO

Abstract

The direct extrusion of large 7075 alloy bars 188, 214, 252, 283, 326, 560 mm in diameter was simulated with 0 and 0,5 friction coefficients, 80° and 90° die cone angles from the 800 mm diameter container at the 200 MN press using the DEFORM-2D software package. It provided the distribution of metal flow radial velocities on the dummy block working surface versus the contact friction value, die cone angle and extrusion ratio factor at the main and final stages of extrusion. Butt-end height at the beginning of back-end extrusion defect formation was taken equal to a distance between the dummy block plane and the plane of extruded metal feeding into flat or cone die openings. The joint effect of the extrusion ratio factor, friction coefficient and die cone angle on the butt-end height, extrusion force, deformation and stress intensity factors, and die opening edge temperature was studied. Numerical experiments were performed based on the 23 complete factorial design for the following parameter variability intervals: Х1 = 3÷9, Х2 = 0÷0,5, Х3 = 80÷90°. Friction between the tool and the blank at the final extrusion stage has a negative effect due to a noticeable radial velocity reduction. This leads to the earlier initiation of central back-end extrusion defect formation. Extrusion into the conical die and increasing the extrusion ratio factor, on the contrary, speeds up radial flow velocity and ensures that the back-end extrusion defect starts forming later. The main factor that determines butt-end height is the extrusion ratio factor. A mathematical model is proposed to select the butt-end thickness for specific conditions of extruding large bars with low extrusion ratios.