Software Requirements Specification and System Safety

M. Heimdahl, J. Reese
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Abstract

Computer software is playing an increasingly important role in safety-critical embedded computer systems, where incorrect operation of the software could lead to loss of life, substantial material or environmental damage, or large monetary losses. Such diverse technologies as avionics, automobile drive trains, power plants, and medical equipment are relying more and more on the computer to control system parameters. Although software is a powerful and flexible tool for industry, these very advantages have contributed to a corresponding increase in system complexity. Traditional approaches to system development have not successfully handled the problems of increased system complexity. The fatal accidents caused by software in the Therac-25 radiation therapy machine, as well as other incidents, have brought public attention to these problems. Ironically, it is becoming clear that the powerful control logic that software can bring to a system can also impair the ability of the systems analyst to study and understand, and hence safely control, the system’s behavior. sion avoidance System II). Furthermore, using a formal requirements specification language, for example, RSML, enables several types of automated or semi automated analysis techniques that can be used to detect and eliminate potential safety problems from the specification. In this tutorial, we will discuss techniques for automatically detecting incomplete, inconsistent, and nondeterministic requirements, show how fault tree analysis can be used in the RSML framework, and demonstrate how a new analysis technique called deviation analysis can be used to evaluate the effects on the system if the inputs to the system deviates from expected value.
软件需求规范和系统安全
计算机软件在安全关键型嵌入式计算机系统中扮演着越来越重要的角色,在这些系统中,软件的错误操作可能导致生命损失、大量物质或环境破坏或巨额金钱损失。航空电子、汽车传动系统、发电厂、医疗设备等多种技术越来越依赖计算机来控制系统参数。尽管软件对于工业来说是一种强大而灵活的工具,但是这些优势也导致了系统复杂性的相应增加。传统的系统开发方法不能成功地处理系统复杂性增加的问题。由Therac-25放射治疗机的软件造成的致命事故,以及其他事件,引起了公众对这些问题的关注。具有讽刺意味的是,越来越清楚的是,软件可以给系统带来的强大的控制逻辑也会损害系统分析人员研究和理解系统行为的能力,并因此安全控制系统行为。此外,使用正式的需求规范语言,例如RSML,可以使用几种类型的自动化或半自动分析技术来检测和消除规范中的潜在安全问题。在本教程中,我们将讨论自动检测不完整、不一致和不确定需求的技术,展示如何在RSML框架中使用故障树分析,并演示如何使用一种称为偏差分析的新分析技术来评估系统输入偏离期望值时对系统的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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