Fertiliser Properties of Wastewater Sludge and Sludge Ash - A Case Study from the Finnish Forest Industry

J. Oksanen, R. Pöykiö, O. Dahl
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Abstract

Abstract In this case study we compared the fertiliser properties of an industrial wastewater treatment sludge and a sludge ash to the requirements of the Finnish Fertiliser Product Decree. The sludge was obtained from the activated sludge wastewater treatment plant of a Finnish non-integrated pulp mill. The sludge was furthermore incinerated at a laboratory in a muffle furnace (850 °C) to obtain sludge ash. The total Cd (4.9 mg/kg d.m.) concentration in the pulp sludge exceeded the Finnish limit value (1.5 mg/kg d.m.) for fertiliser products used in agriculture. In the sludge ash, the total concentration of Cd (39 mg/kg; d.m.) exceeded the Finnish limit value (25 mg/kg d.m.) for ash fertilisers used in forestry. These results restrict the potential reuse options of these residues. However, from the utilisation point of view, the enrichment of essential plant macro-nutrients was most notable, resulting to the following total concentrations of these elements in the sludge ash: P (26,000 mg/kg d.m.), S (40,000 mg/kg d.m.), K (11,000 mg/kg d.m.), Ca (83,000 mg/kg d.m.) and Mg (10,000 mg/kg d.m.). Therefore, we conclude that, the converting of sludge into ash may promote the reuse of this wastewater treatment residue to a more value-adding fertiliser by-product to be used as a soil improver and growing medium in landscaping or landfills sites or other closed industrial areas, where heavy metal limit values for fertilisers are not applied in Finland.
废水污泥和污泥灰的肥料特性-芬兰林业的案例研究
摘要在本案例研究中,我们比较了工业废水处理污泥和污泥灰的肥料特性,以满足芬兰肥料产品法令的要求。该污泥来自芬兰一家非一体化纸浆厂的活性污泥废水处理厂。污泥进一步在实验室的马弗炉(850°C)中焚烧以获得污泥灰。纸浆污泥中总Cd浓度(4.9 mg/kg d.m.)超过了芬兰农业用肥料产品的限值(1.5 mg/kg d.m. m.)。在污泥灰分中,Cd的总浓度为(39 mg/kg;)超过了芬兰用于林业的灰分肥料的限值(25毫克/千克)。这些结果限制了这些残留物的潜在再利用选择。然而,从利用的角度来看,必需植物大量营养素的富集最为显著,导致污泥灰中这些元素的总浓度如下:P (26,000 mg/kg d.m), S (40,000 mg/kg d.m), K (11,000 mg/kg d.m), Ca (83,000 mg/kg d.m)和mg (10,000 mg/kg d.m)。因此,我们得出结论,将污泥转化为灰烬可能会促进这种废水处理残留物的再利用,使其成为更具附加值的肥料副产品,用作景观美化或垃圾填埋场或其他封闭工业区的土壤改进剂和生长介质,在芬兰,这些地区不适用肥料的重金属限值。
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