The potential mechanisms of effect of valproic acid on lipid profiles: an updated review

Abstract

Summary Introduction. Valproic acid is commonly used for the treatment of epilepsy, psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorders, anxiety and prophylaxis migraine. Long-term use of valproic acid is related with metabolic disorders such as the increase of body weight and changes of lipid profiles which are contributed to cardiovascular events, however, these associations remain unclear, furthermore, the mechanisms of these effects have not been fully elucidated. Aim. To summarize and discuss the potential mechanisms of valproic acid-related changes of lipid profiles so as to get a better understanding of the side effects of valproic acid on lipid metabolism. Methods. Literature reviews were conducted through the survey of the literature utilizing the Pubmed electronic databases, with the aim to identify all literature regarding the metabolic effects of valproic acid. This review has been written to summarize the latest evidence of valproic acid’s effects on lipid profiles. Review and Discussion. The possible mechanisms of valproic acid-related changes of lipid profiles could be through insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in several ways, resulting in the alteration of lipogenesis and clearance of triglyceride and lipoproteins. Conclusion. The effect of valproic acid on lipid profiles is complex and there is a need for further investigation. Consequently the monitoring and follow up of lipid profiles from patients prescribed valproic acid is recommended.