Why Hepatocellular Carcinoma (hcc)s Management and Control is Challenging in the Developing Countries? Problems vs. Strategies

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem, although developing countries are disproportionally affected: over 80% of HCCs occur in such regions. Surprisingly about three-quarters of HCCs are attributed to chronic HBV and HCV infections. In areas endemic for HCV and HBV, viral transmission occurs at an early age, and unfortunately the infected individuals develop HCC in midadulthood. Reducing the life expectancy [1]. HCC is the 5th most common cancer in the world [2]. Among the major concerns; HCC prognosis is poor and is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage [2].The number of patients is rising exponentially with each passing day. HCC is a concern that needs immediate attention [3].About 185 million people are living with HCV, of which estimated 80% are living in low income and middle-income countries (LMICs) [4]. HCV infection that remains untreated leads to liver cirrhosis in up to two thirds of those who are chronically infected and these individuals are at risk for developing complications such as HCC and hepatic decompensation [5].