Screening of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) varieties for resistance to Curvularia leaf spot disease

Abstract

Leaf spot disease, particularly Curvularia leaf spot (CLS), can devastatingly damage both quality and quantity of oil palm seedlings in Thailand. Chemical fungicides have been intensively applied to control transmission of this disease. However, this has relatively low efficiency as the causative pathogen gains resistance to fungicides with selection pressure. An alternative or complementary cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach is necessary to find the resistant varieties for disease management. In this present study, a total of 122 lines of Dura female plant, 2 lines of Pisifera male plant, and 4 Tenera commercial varieties (A, B, C and SUP-PSU1) were screened by Curvularia inoculation using detached leaf method. Two weeks after inoculation, the results showed 13 Dura lines as highly resistant to CLS (0% disease incidence), whereas one line (129) and the commercial variety B were highly susceptible (100% disease incidence). Nine Tenera hybrid lines from 13 Dura highly resistant lines were selected to test for high resistance and subjected to Curvularia inoculation in greenhouse conditions, and compared with the susceptible and highly susceptible lines. Three Tenera hybrid lines (138, 187 and 203) showed high resistance to CLS significant difference from susceptible lines. These were the most highly resistant varieties to CLS and should be considered for breeding programs of oil palm stock among the cases tested.