Efficacy of Urine Cytology in the Detection of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study in Medical City-Baghdad

Abstract

Objective: To make a cyto-histological correlation and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of urine cytology in routine practice. Materials & methods: From January 2015 to June 2020, one hundred and thirty-nine cases have been included in this case series retrospective study. Subjects were collected from the Ghazi al-Hariri Surgical Specialties Hospital, Medical city, Baghdad, Iraq. Ranging in age from fourteen to eighty-six years, presented most frequently with hematuria, or diagnosed radiologically with bladder tumor, who underwent cytological examination with the histological examination at the same time or within one year. Results: Patients were mostly between sixty-one and seventy years old (36.7%). The studied group was made of male (61.2%) and female (38.8 %). Fifty-five patients who were diagnosed as negative/ benign in cytology examination, and histological examination at the same time, eight patients were diagnosed as high-grade urothelial carcinoma when they were diagnosed negative/ benign in cytological examination, four patients were diagnosed negative in histological examination when they were reported as high-grade urothelial carcinoma in cytological exam, thirty-four patients were reported as high-grade urothelial carcinoma, cytologically and histologically. The sensitivity of high grade urothelial carcinoma detection in suspicious or malignant cases in urine cytology was (80.95%), while the specificity (92.98%). positive predictive value was (89.47%) when negative predictive value was (86.88%). Conclusion: It has always been known that urine cytology is a powerful and an effective method for the screening of urothelial carcinoma; specifically, for high-grade urothelial carcinoma, and in follow up of patients after surgery or cystoscopy.