Orthodontic correction in rodents and hare-like animals: principles and methods of treatment

Abstract

The aim: Our particular interest in this study is not only the ability to extrapolate the experience of orthodontics of humane medicine for effective orthodontic correction in representatives of the animal world, but also the possibility of using teleroentgenometry and craniometry to study the skull of rodents and hare-like animals for the early preclinical diagnosis of dental disease. Materials and methods. The data of teleroentgenography (TRG), cranio- and gnatometry, biochemistry of connective tissue (GAG, GP, HST), fluoroscopy, densitometric parameters for early subclinical detection of dental disease in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera (n=20)), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus (n=48)) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus(n=52)) are presented. All stages of the effective correction of mesial occlusion of incisors in rabbits (N=5) and dystropia of premolars in guinea pigs (N=5) are described. The camputation of efforts and points of their application that are necessary to move the tooth of the ellodont type is carried out. There are given the sequential stages of creating a dental imprint or 3D models, as well as the manufacture of fixed orthodontic structures, including an elastophore, orthodontic buttons with an Enlight Ormco fixation for incisors; and individual extraoral devices with expanding screws for premolars are presented. Results. Namely, among animals with dental disease, the following anatomical characteristics reliably took place. The basal angle of inclination of the base of the jaws to each other characterizing the vertical position of the jaws increased by 11 %; the body of the lower jaw shortened by 18 %; the height of the branches of the jaw increased by 17.5, and the mandibular angle, which is measured between the tangents to the lower edge of the lower jaw and the back surface of its branches, increased by 6 %. These data must be considered together with a reliable densitometric decrease in bone density and changes of biochemical components of the connective tissue in the blood serum. An analysis of bone strength of rabbits and guinea pigs is given in Tab. 2, which shows that the bone marrow of animals with dental history is statistically significantly different from the strength of animal bones without such among patients of rabbits and guinea pigs (p = 0.012 and p = 0.024, respectively). Thus, the method of program densitometry can be used to quantify the severity of metabolic disorders in the bone tissue to predict the further course of the reparative process, to appoint adequate pharmacological correction and to control the evaluation of therapeutic measures. Conclusions. The study of dental pathology of rodents and hare-like animals using densitometric, craniometric and biochemical methods allows detection of disorders in the early preclinical stage. And the extrapolation of the experience of humane orthodontics solves the issue of correcting the occlusion of these types of animals to restore the possibility of self-feeding