Fatwas and Democracy: Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI, Indonesian Ulema Council) and Rising Conservatism in Indonesian Islam

IF 0.9 Q2 AREA STUDIES
Syafiq Hasyim
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引用次数: 20

Abstract

Abstract The role of Majelis Ulama Indonesia (Indonesian Ulema Council) in influencing the construction of democracy through its fatwas has fluctuated since its establishment in 1975. During the Suharto regime, which was characterised by authoritarian national leadership, MUI fatwas tended to serve the interests of the regime. Since the reform era, they have stimulated undemocratic circumstances in Indonesian Islam. This article examines MUI fatwas and their influence on democracy in the context of Indonesian Islam. The main argument of this article is that fatwas in themselves can improve or worsen the implementation of democracy. Fatwas may impede democracy if their contents are not aligned with democratic principles, while they may support the development of democracy if their contents promote democracy. Rising conservatism in Indonesia has been influenced by the issuance of fatwas that do not promote democratic values. In addition to examining the roles of fatwa givers and the methodology of fatwa issuance, this article analyses the social and political circumstances driving their issuance. This article presents examples of MUI fatwas that have democratic and undemocratic characteristics. It concludes that democratic circumstances can be achieved through opening spaces for fatwa issuance among additional fatwa institutions in Indonesia, as the monopolisation of fatwa issuance has created undemocratic tendencies in Indonesian Islam.
法特瓦与民主:印尼乌里玛委员会(Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI)与印尼伊斯兰教中崛起的保守主义
自1975年成立以来,印尼乌里玛理事会(Majelis Ulama Indonesia)通过其教令影响民主建设的作用一直起伏不定。在苏哈托(Suharto)政权期间,以威权国家领导为特征的MUI fatwas往往服务于政权的利益。自改革时代以来,他们刺激了印尼伊斯兰教的不民主环境。本文检视伊斯兰教团的教令及其在印尼伊斯兰背景下对民主的影响。本文的主要论点是,伊斯兰教令本身可以改善或恶化民主的实施。如果伊斯兰教令的内容不符合民主原则,它可能阻碍民主;如果伊斯兰教令的内容促进民主,它可能支持民主的发展。印尼日益高涨的保守主义受到了不提倡民主价值观的伊斯兰教令的影响。除了研究法特瓦颁发者的角色和法特瓦发布的方法外,本文还分析了推动法特瓦发布的社会和政治环境。本文列举了具有民主和非民主特征的伊斯兰教法的例子。它的结论是,民主环境可以通过在印度尼西亚其他法特瓦机构之间开放发布法特瓦的空间来实现,因为法特瓦发布的垄断已经在印度尼西亚伊斯兰教中造成了不民主的倾向。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
13
期刊介绍: TRaNS approaches the study of Southeast Asia by looking at the region as a place that is defined by its diverse and rapidly-changing social context, and as a place that challenges scholars to move beyond conventional ideas of borders and boundedness. TRaNS invites studies of broadly defined trans-national, trans-regional and comparative perspectives. Case studies spanning more than two countries of Southeast Asia and its neighbouring countries/regions are particularly welcomed.
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