Forest resources of Bihar: Bio-ecological and socio-economic perspectives

S. Sharma, K. Kumari, J. Behera, M. Panda, Krishna Kumar, R. Jha
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Abstract

Due to its geographical origin, varied physiographic conditions, and favorable climate, Bihar is one of India's states with the most biodiversity. It is well-known because of its indigenous populations and abundant forest resources. Bihar is home to tropical moist deciduous and tropical dry deciduous forests consisting of main plant species like Shorea robusta , Anogeisuss latifolia , Terminalia tomentosa , Diospyros melanoxylon , Pterocarpus marsupium , Butea monosperma , Madhuca longifolia , etc. Timber, fuel wood, fodder, and a variety of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) such as fruits, nuts, edible fungus, vegetables, fish, animals, medicinal plants, resins, essences, and a variety of barks and fibres like bamboo, rattans, palms, and grasses are all commonly extracted forest products. Some of the serious threats endangering the current populations of significant plants include over-exploitation of useful plants, a lack of knowledge and awareness about the status of the plants' current populations. Researchers' collection of plant materials, particularly rare and endangered plant species, from natural settings for diverse experimental reasons also endangers the species' wild populations. To meet the increasing demand for these precious resources while also ensuring their long-term sustainability, efforts should be made to cultivate and multiply them on a vast scale. Research on the spatial distribution patterns, habitat utilization patterns, feeding ecology, and effects of herbivores on significant plant populations is urgently needed.
比哈尔邦森林资源:生物生态和社会经济视角
由于其地理起源、多样的地理条件和有利的气候,比哈尔邦是印度生物多样性最丰富的邦之一。它因其土著居民和丰富的森林资源而闻名。比哈尔邦有热带湿润落叶林和热带干燥落叶林,主要植物种类有Shorea robusta、Anogeisuss latifolia、Terminalia tomentosa、Diospyros melanoxylon、Pterocarpus marsupium、Butea monosperma、madhua longifolia等。木材、薪柴、饲料和各种非木材林产品(NTFPs),如水果、坚果、食用菌、蔬菜、鱼、动物、药用植物、树脂、香精和各种树皮和纤维,如竹、藤、棕榈和草,都是常用的提取林产品。危及重要植物种群的一些严重威胁包括对有用植物的过度开发,对植物种群现状缺乏了解和认识。研究人员出于各种实验原因从自然环境中收集植物材料,特别是稀有和濒危植物物种,也危及该物种的野生种群。为了满足对这些宝贵资源日益增长的需求,同时确保其长期可持续性,应努力大规模地培育和繁殖这些资源。草食动物的空间分布格局、生境利用格局、摄食生态以及对重要植物种群的影响等方面的研究迫在眉睫。
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