An Early Unrecorded London Variant of “The Raven”

IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LITERATURE, AMERICAN
Douglas W. Lind
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Abstract

A fter appearing in at least thirteen different American publications from February to May 1845 [Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore, “Edgar Allan Poe–The Raven,” http://eapoe.org/works/info/pp073.htm (accessed 9 June 2010)], “The Raven” crossed the Atlantic, appearing in the 14 June 1845 issue of the Critic of London [148]. It did not emerge again in a publication of that country until early 1846 with the London edition of The Raven and Other Poems (hereinafter RAOP) [Charles F. Heartman and James R. Canny, A Bibliography of First Printings of the Writings of Edgar Allan Poe . . . , rev. ed. (Hattiesburg, MS: Book Farm, 1943), 103; also see Works, 1:359– 64, 578–82]. Shortly thereafter, the London Athenaeum reprinted the poem in its entirety within a generally negative review of RAOP in its 28 February 1846 issue [215–16]. Elizabeth Barrett claimed in an April 1846 letter to Poe that the poem “produced a sensation, a ‘fit horror’ ” [see The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe (New York: AMS Press, 1965), 17:229]. Perhaps she was merely exaggerating the poem’s effect as a polite means of thanking Poe for dedicating RAOP to her, but assuming it did indeed create a “fit horror,” such a public reaction would had to have been the result of reprinting the poem in widely circulated magazines in addition to the limited number of copies of RAOP. Furthermore, the poem would have had to appear in a widely distributed periodical with a target audience of intellectual English ladies to reach the members of Elizabeth Barrett’s social group in sufficient number to cause such a stir. Curiously, then, at the date of her letter, the Critic and the Athenaeum are the only two recorded British periodicals that carried the text of the poem. Because the Critic version had been out for almost a year and the
《乌鸦》早期未录的伦敦版本
1845年2月至5月,《乌鸦》出现在至少13种不同的美国出版物上[巴尔的摩埃德加·爱伦·坡协会,《埃德加·爱伦·坡-乌鸦》http://eapoe.org/works/info/pp073.htm(2010年6月9日访问)],《乌鸦》跨过大西洋,出现在1845年6月14日的《伦敦评论家》上[148]。直到1846年初,它才再次出现在该国的出版物中,伦敦版的《乌鸦和其他诗歌》(以下简称《RAOP》)[查尔斯·f·哈特曼和詹姆斯·r·坎尼,埃德加·爱伦·坡作品初版参考书目]。,修订版(哈蒂斯堡,MS: Book Farm, 1943), 103;也见《著作》,1:359 - 64,578 - 82]。此后不久,《伦敦雅典娜》在1846年2月28日的一期杂志上重印了这首诗的全文,对RAOP进行了普遍的负面评论[215-16]。伊丽莎白·巴雷特在1846年4月给爱伦·坡的一封信中声称,这首诗“引起了轰动,‘令人毛骨悚然’”[见《爱伦·坡全集》(纽约:AMS出版社,1965),17:229]。也许她只是夸张了这首诗的效果,作为一种礼貌的方式来感谢爱伦·坡把《RAOP》献给她,但假设这首诗确实制造了一种“合适的恐怖”,那么这样的公众反应一定是由于在广泛传播的杂志上转载了这首诗,而《RAOP》的发行量也有限。此外,这首诗必须刊登在一份以英国知识分子女士为目标受众的广泛发行的期刊上,才能在伊丽莎白·巴雷特所在的社会群体中引起足够多的反响。奇怪的是,在她写信的时候,《批评家》和《雅典娜》是仅有的两家有记录的英国期刊,刊载了这首诗的文本。因为评论家版已经出版快一年了
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