Phytochemical screenings and evaluations of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanolic leaf extract of Senna auriculata (L). Roxb

Abstract

The current study examineed the "Phytochemical contents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanolic leaf extract of S. auriculata". Methanol was used to extract a leaf sample from a plant. The phytoconstituents and functional groups in the leaf extract had been investigated using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Concurrently, the agar well-plate method was used to assess antimicrobial activity against ten bacterial strains. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), reducing power activity, phosphomolybdenum activity, hydrogen peroxide activity, and nitric oxide inhibitory activity were employed to assess antioxidant activity. Carbohydrates, protein, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids were found in the phytochemical analysis. The GC-MS study of the leaf extract revealed the presence of 13 major bioactive substances with antimicrobial, free radical scavenging, and anticancer properties. The appearance of distinctive peak values with various functional groups, such as alcohol, alkanes, aromatic, esters, and amines, was indicated by the FTIR result. The leaf extract exhibited a potent antibacterial effect against all pathogens tested. The highest activity against A. hydrophila (15±0.6 mm) was found at a 100 µg/mL concentration. The antioxidant properties of leaf extract increased as concentration was increased. The leaf extract contains 108.13 mg GAE/g and 61.25 mg RE/g of phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively. Finally, the methanolic leaf extract of S. auriculata was found to have powerful antibacterial and antioxidant features and could be a valuable source of natural compounds for creating new medications. Although S. auriculata has been extensively studied for its antibacterial activity against pathogenic organisms, the findings showed that it is also effective against the fish pathogen A. hydrophila. More investigation is required to find and identify the biologically active compounds responsible for the plant’s antibacterial and antioxidant activity.