Navigating, Negotiating, and Advocating: Black Mothers, their Young Daughters, and White Schools

Abstract

This study convened focus groups to identify the strategies suburban Detroit, middle-class, African American mothers use to promote a positive racial identity in their elementary-age daughters attending a predominantly White school. Findings demonstrate that mothers engage three strategies that reflect a dimension of the motherwork concept: presence, imaging, and code-switching. These strategies are aimed at influencing the development of a positive racialgender identity and are embedded within a gendered racial socialization process.