Therapeutic Potency of the Polar and Non-Polar Extracts of Andrographis Paniculata Leaf Against some Pathogenic Bacterial Isolates

Abstract

The increasing resistance among virulent pathogens and the toxicity of synthetic antibiotic has led to the quest for bioactive natural products which are safe, potent, and affordable for therapeutic purpose. This study evaluated the antibacterial activities of polar and non-polar extracts from Andrographis paniculata leaf (80, 120, 160 and 200 mg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli , and Salmonella typhi . Phytochemicals screening were conducted using standard procedures while the antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar well diffusion technique. Results revealed the presence of alkaloid, phenol, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins in methanol extract while the N-Hexane extract contains alkaloids, phenols, and steroids. Cardiac glycosides and tannins were absent in both extracts. Both extracts exhibited increase growth inhibition of S. aureus , E. coli and S. typhi with increase extract concentration. Methanol extract exhibited higher activities (3.00±0.01 and 25.00±0.01 mm) than the hexane extract (3.00±0.01 and 20.00±0.01 mm). The MIC of methanol extract were 1.60, 0.32 and 0.32 mg/mL while hexane extract recorded MIC of 8.0, 2.60 and 2.60 mg/mL against S. aureus , E coli and S. typhi respectively. Thus, Andrographis paniculata leaf might be a useful tool in the future for pharmaceuticals antibiotics..