Battir: Creative Resistance in a Front Line—Opportunities and Dilemmas of Tourism Development in a Conflict Zone

IF 0.5 Q4 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI:10.3727/194341419X15554157596164

André Kuntz

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Tourism development in a conflict zone poses challenges. The structural violence of occupation poses real threats to the existence of the village. Battir's inhabitants can build on a tradition of non-violent, creative resistance. Hasan Mustafa initiated creative resistance in 1948 and saved the village from destruction. In retelling the motivations, facts, and events in Battir 1948 a tour guide speaks also about creativity, community, and opportunities for change. In terms of economic dynamics of Holy Land tourism Battir's inhabitants are excluded by Israeli marketing, while Palestinian marketing still needs profiling and fresh ideas. But meanwhile other dynamics appear in Battir: Inhabitants have started to react to the UNESCO World Heritage status of village lands and traditional agriculture, and offer services to visitors. Local products are sold and the beauty of the village can be enjoyed by sitting down with a cup of coffee. Because tourism is new to the village, the cultural dynamics unfolding could be influenced by the inhabitants if tourism would be formed consciously beyond the marketing for more visitors. The amazing story of Hasan Mustafa is an asset for a touristic Battir experience in the framework of a conflict-sensitive tourism. Is the immaterial inheritance, especially the stories about creative resistance, part of the future tourism product, an add-on to UNESCO World Heritage status? The stories still have to be put together to form a reflected narrative that motivates to recognize one's own role in the conflict and the perspective towards change. Therefore, Palestinian tour guides can play a decisive role. This role and the impact of a reflected narrative cannot be underestimated. It is possible to contribute to an awareness of visitors beyond mere contact at a touristic site. Battir can be a sample for a tourism development that serves the village as a whole, if methods and ideas of conflict-sensitive tourism are applied. Inclusion of all stakeholders, a carefully developed strategy, and income for the community and the local government are important to maintain the UNESCO World Heritage landscape. Information about threats and the structure of violence need to be part of the touristic products. With a guided learning experience Battir can continue the inheritance of creative resistance.

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前线的创造性抵抗——冲突地区旅游发展的机遇与困境

冲突地区的旅游业发展带来了挑战。占领的结构性暴力对村庄的存在构成了真正的威胁。巴蒂尔的居民可以建立在非暴力、创造性抵抗的传统之上。1948年，哈桑·穆斯塔法发起了创造性的抵抗，使村庄免于毁灭。导游在复述Battir 1948的动机、事实和事件时，还谈到了创造力、社区和变革的机会。就圣地旅游的经济动态而言，巴提尔的居民被以色列的营销排除在外，而巴勒斯坦的营销仍然需要分析和新鲜的想法。但与此同时，Battir也出现了其他的动态:居民们开始对联合国教科文组织认定的村庄土地和传统农业的世界遗产地位做出反应，并为游客提供服务。当地的产品出售和美丽的村庄可以坐下来享受一杯咖啡。由于旅游对村庄来说是一种新事物，如果能有意识地形成旅游，以吸引更多的游客，那么文化动态的展开可能会受到居民的影响。在对冲突敏感的旅游框架下，哈桑·穆斯塔法的惊人故事是巴蒂尔旅游体验的一笔财富。非物质遗产，特别是关于创造性抵抗的故事，是未来旅游产品的一部分，是联合国教科文组织世界遗产地位的附加内容吗?这些故事仍然需要放在一起，形成一个反映的叙述，激励人们认识到自己在冲突中的角色和对变化的看法。因此，巴勒斯坦导游可以起到决定性的作用。这种作用和反映叙事的影响不容低估。除了在旅游景点进行单纯的接触外，还可以提高游客的认识。如果采用对冲突敏感的旅游方法和理念，Battir可以成为为整个村庄服务的旅游开发的一个样本。所有利益相关者的参与、精心制定的战略以及社区和地方政府的收入对于维护联合国教科文组织世界遗产景观至关重要。有关威胁和暴力结构的信息需要成为旅游产品的一部分。有了指导学习的经验，巴蒂尔可以继续继承创造性的抵抗。

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来源期刊

TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM-

CiteScore

1.20

自引率

16.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： Tourism, Culture & Communication is the longest established international refereed journal that is dedicated to the cultural dimensions of tourism. The editors adopt a purposefully broad scope that welcomes readers and contributors from diverse disciplines and who are receptive in a wide variety of research methods. While potential cultural issues and identities are unlimited, there is a requirement that their consideration should relate to the tourism and hospitality domain. Tourism, Culture & Communication provides readers with multidisciplinary perspectives that consider topics and fields extending beyond national and indigenous cultures as they are traditionally understood and recognized. Coverage may extend to issues such as cultural dimensions of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), gender and tourism, managing tourists with disabilities, sport tourism, or age-specific tourism. Contributions that draw upon the communications literature to explain the tourism phenomenon are also particularly welcome. Beyond the focus on culture and communications, the editors recognize the important interrelationships with economies, society, politics, and the environment. The journal publishes high-quality research and applies a double-blind refereeing process. Tourism, Culture & Communication consists of main articles, major thematic reviews, position papers on theory and practice, and substantive case studies. A reports section covers specific initiatives and projects, “hot topics,” work-in-progress, and critical reviews.