Pathologie urinaire fœtale

Abstract

Renal agenesia refers to the lack of one or the two kidneys, arising from an agenesis of the metanephros blastema. Paediatric renal or hepato-renal polycystoma is an autosomic recessive hereditary disease concerning 1% of renal or hepato-renal malformative uropathies. It is characterized by a micro-polycystic ectasy of collecting tubules. Polycystic dysplasia is due to abnormal metanephros embryonic development, and represents about 1% of congenital malformative uropathies. Most of the time, such abnormality is unilateral and is defined by an abnormally increased renal volume. Pyelectasia refers to abnormal dilatation of the renal pelvis. Hydronephrosis is the most frequent urinary tract disorder, with an occurrence rate of 30 to 50% among congenital malformations of the kidney and the urinary tract. It is characterized by the dilatation of renal pelvis and calyxes. Megalo-ureter refers to abnormally dilated ureter. In the mega bladder disease, the bladder capacity may vary from an examination to another, or during a single examination, depending on the urinary pathology. Main aetiologies are the posterior ureter abnormalities, and the Prune- Belly syndrome.