W. Aryati, Nabilah Nurtika Salamah, Rezi Riadhi Syahdi, Arry Yanuar
{"title":"The Role and Development of the Antagonist of Adenosine A2A in Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"W. Aryati, Nabilah Nurtika Salamah, Rezi Riadhi Syahdi, Arry Yanuar","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84272","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Adenosine is a neuromodulator that regulates the body’s response to dopamine and another neurotransmitter in the brain that is responsible for motoric, emotion, learning, and memory function. Adenosine is a G-protein-coupled receptor and has four subtypes, which are A 1, A 2A , A 2B , and A 3 . Adenosine A 2A is located in the striatum of the brain. Antagonist interferes with GABA releasing, modulates acetyl-choline and releases dopamine, and also facilitates dopamine receptor’s signaling. Therefore, it can reduce motoric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Adenosine A 2A antagonist is also believed to have neuroprotective effects. Several compounds have been reported and have undergone clinical test as selective adenosine A 2A antagonists, including istradefylline, preladenant, tozadenant, vipadenant, ST-1535, and SYN-115. Nonselective adenosine A 2A antagonists from natural compounds are caffeine and theophylline. ,","PeriodicalId":74291,"journal":{"name":"Neuroprotection","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Neuroprotection","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84272","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuromodulator that regulates the body’s response to dopamine and another neurotransmitter in the brain that is responsible for motoric, emotion, learning, and memory function. Adenosine is a G-protein-coupled receptor and has four subtypes, which are A 1, A 2A , A 2B , and A 3 . Adenosine A 2A is located in the striatum of the brain. Antagonist interferes with GABA releasing, modulates acetyl-choline and releases dopamine, and also facilitates dopamine receptor’s signaling. Therefore, it can reduce motoric symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Adenosine A 2A antagonist is also believed to have neuroprotective effects. Several compounds have been reported and have undergone clinical test as selective adenosine A 2A antagonists, including istradefylline, preladenant, tozadenant, vipadenant, ST-1535, and SYN-115. Nonselective adenosine A 2A antagonists from natural compounds are caffeine and theophylline. ,
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