Photosynthetic apparatus variability of the rigid hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) from the Saksagan River influenced by the mine activity

O. Marenkov, A. Alexeyeva, N. О. Khromykh, I. V. Holub, I. V. Drehval
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Abstract

Aquatic ecosystems are the final absorbers of various pollutants, so require complex monitoring to control their condition. Macrophytes and other aquatic plants serve as reliable indicators of the hydro ecosystems ecological state, as they provide an integral assessment of the aquatic environment in time and space. Changes in chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content and ratio in the rigid hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) leaves depending on the water hydro chemical parameters of Saksagan River in the zones of influence of "Ternivska" and "Oktyabrska" mines (Kryvyi Rih city) were studied. The purpose of the work was to find out the features of C. demersum photosynthetic apparatus reorganization as plants adaptive reaction to the technogenic transformation of river ecosystem. The water mineralization changes in the range of 1.2–2.9 g/L and fluctuations in the nitrates and nitrites content in the Saksagan River different sections were established. Both an increase and a decrease in the content of chlorophyll both forms in C. demersum leaves were detected, but more significant changes were related to chlorophyll b content. The photosynthetic pigments total content in plant leaves was the highest in the most mineralized areas (points of return water discharge and 500 m below of "Ternivska" mine), and it was the lowest due to sharp water mineralization increasing (500 m below the return water discharge of "Oktyabrska" mine). Significant variability in the photosynthetic pigments content and ratio indicates flexible regulation of their synthesis in C. demersum leaves to maintain the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus under conditions of water pollution. The revealed regularities indicate the active protection of the photosynthetic process in the C. demersum leaves, which is an important prerequisite for the plant’s survival in adverse conditions and the preservation of the structure and productivity of the water ecosystem of the Saksagan River.
萨萨干河硬角蒿光合器官变异对矿山活动的影响
水生生态系统是各种污染物的最终吸收者,因此需要复杂的监测来控制其状况。大型水生植物和其他水生植物是水文生态系统生态状态的可靠指标,它们提供了对水环境在时间和空间上的综合评价。研究了萨克萨干河“Ternivska”和“Oktyabrska”矿区(Kryvyi Rih市)影响区内硬角蒿叶片叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量及比值随水化学参数的变化。本研究的目的是了解河狸草光合机构重组作为植物对河流生态系统技术改造的适应性反应的特征。建立了萨克萨干河不同河段水体矿化度在1.2 ~ 2.9 g/L范围内的变化规律以及硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的波动规律。两种叶绿素含量均呈上升和下降趋势,但与叶绿素b含量相关的变化更为显著。植物叶片光合色素总含量在矿化程度最高的地区(“Ternivska”矿回水排放点及以下500 m处)最高,在水矿化程度急剧增加的地区(“Oktyabrska”矿回水排放点以下500 m处)最低。光合色素含量和比例的显著变化表明,在水污染条件下,夏草叶片对其合成进行了灵活的调节,以维持光合机构的效率。揭示的规律表明,沙草叶片的光合过程受到了积极的保护,这是沙草在恶劣条件下生存和保存萨萨干河水生态系统结构和生产力的重要前提。
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